How Fart Lighting Works

Did you know you can light farts on fire and that the color of the flame will depend on your personal biochemistry? Heres a look at how fart lighting works, the chemicals responsible, and how to light farts safely. Why Are Farts Flammable? Farts (the informal name for flatus or flatulence) result from normal bacteria in the digestive tract breaking down food into simpler chemical compounds. Everyone hosts their own personal colony of bacteria, so the gas signature you produce is your own unique flammable aroma. The color of the flame depends on personal biochemistry. Gases in Farts Although the exact chemical composition  of farts varies from one person to the next, there are six common gases: carbon dioxidehydrogenhydrogen sulfidemethanenitrogenoxygen Hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and methane are flammable gases that will produce a flame when exposed to an ignition source, such as a match or lighter. With the energy from the ignition, the flammable gases react with oxygen from air and flatus to produce oxides and water.  The smell of farts results from hydrogen sulfide as well as indole, skatole, short-chain fatty acids, and volatile amines. Colored Fart Flames Hydrogen is the most abundant gas in most farts, so most flatus burns with a yellow to orange flame. However, if you are a member of the population that produces flatulence high in methane, you may yield a blue flame. This is relatively uncommon, so producing the blue angel or blue dart is considered a sort of special talent in certain circles. In order for the flame to be blue, the concentration of methane needs to be high. Eating foods high in sulfur (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, kale)  may enrich methane content in flatulence. However, this only matters if you already host the right bacteria. The gases depend more on the species of bacteria than on the foods you eat, although diet certainly impacts the quantity of flatus that is produced and stored in the rectum.  The only way to change the color of your farts, as far as I know, is to switch out the bacteria in your gut for a new set. To some extent, this occurs naturally over time. Illness or exposure to certain antibiotics can wipe out the bacteria, allowing others to colonize. How To Light a Fart on Fire (Safely) Okay, so lighting gas on fire is not an inherently safe project since the flammable gas is released from inside your body, but if you are curious about the color of flame your fart produces or just feel like igniting flatus because its funny, there are some tips that will help protect you and the person lighting the fart: Wear clothing. Not only does this protect onlookers from seeing body parts they may not wish to view, but it protects delicate skin from burns. Assuming you fart forcefully, plenty of gas will make it through the barrier to produce a display. Natural fibers (e.g., cotton, silk, wool) are less likely to catch fire or melt than synthetic fibers (e.g., nylon, polyester).If possible, light the fart with a long-handled match or lighter. This reduces the chance of burning ones hand.Not that they would, but dont let people get up close and personal viewing the project. Protect eyes and faces (and noses).Just in case something goes wrong, be prepared to put out a fire. Smother a fire by dropping and rolling or covering the affected area/object with a nonflammable material. Water works to extinguish fart fires.Its really not advisable to light farts when intoxicated. This applies to all fire projects. Youre less likely to be thinking clearly and your ability to react to an emergency may be im paired. Your friends will upload embarrassing videos and text pictures to everyone on the planet. You know the drill. People do get burned lighting farts, so by no means is this practice encouraged. Sources Ohge, H; Furne, JK; Springfield, J; Sueda, T; Madoff, RD; Levitt, MD (November 7, 2003). The effect of antibiotics and bismuth on fecal hydrogen sulfide and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the rat. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 228 (1): 137–4 2. doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00748-1Suarez, F; Furne, J; Springfield, J; Levitt, M (May 1997). Insights into human colonic physiology obtained from the study of flatus composition. American Journal of Physiology. 272 (5 Pt 1): G1028–33. PMID 9176210Tangerman, Albert (2009). Measurement and biological significance of the volatile sulfur compounds hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide in various biological matrices. Journal of Chromatography B. 877 (28): 3366–3377. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.026

Using Art to Comment on Social and Political Issues

One major purpose of art has been to comment on social and political issues. The use of art to do this has happened throughout the centuries and can be seen used in all types of art. Banksy from the 21st century is an anonymous street artist who creates satirical pieces of art, which encompasses topics from politics, culture and ethics. His street art appears in cities around the world. Dorothea Lange was born on May 26, 1895 in Hoboken, New Jersey and studied photography at Columbia University. She used photography as a way to portray events occurring in the United States. Her work brought the plight of the poor and forgotten, such as the sharecroppers, displaced farm families and the migrant workers, to public attention. Gustave Courbet was born in eastern France during the 19th century and went to Paris to study law, while there he spent his time studying works in the Louvre and became an artist. His work was rejected as unconventional and he became increasingly anti establishment . Though from different centuries, all three artists used their artwork to comment on social and political issues. Banksy remains sheltered behind a concealed identity, choosing to keep his identity anonymous. He is believed to be from Bristol, England and became involved in graffiti during the great Bristol aerosol boom of the late 1990s and was apart of Bristol’s graffiti gang DryBreadZ Crew (Oliver). He advocates a direct connection between an artist and his constituency and believes thatShow MoreRelatedPolitical Art Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesframe considers social issues such as politics, economics and environmental concerns. Meaning in cultural artworks is understood from a social perspective and may relate to such issues as race, cultural identity, multiculturalism, gender, beliefs and values. 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Rankine defies the limits of scholarly literature by using visuals to summarize the context, thus, converting the book as if it were an art gallery exhibition: â€Å"Citizen acts as a kind of art gallery playing out the aesthetic of supremacist sterility, each segment being like a long, painfully white hall we’re walking down, punctuated by stunning images of black intensity and alterity† (Bomb magazine 2). Lauren Berlant comments on how Rankine’s work shows their commonalities as writers whoRead More Epic Theatre: The Influences of Bertolt Brecht Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe ideas of Bertolt Brecht (1898-1965) changed the theatre in many ways. Brecht along with Erwin Piscator developed the style of Epic theatre style contrasting to previous accepted styles. 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On July 1st, Hong Kong was handed over back to the People’s Republic of China (PRC);Read MoreRight After The Fun Relaxing 1960’S And Excitement Of The1229 Words   |  5 Pagesdown in the 1970’s. Political distrust and economic unrest took its toll on the citizens of the U nited States and so they found refuge in the arts. With the Nixon watergate scandal, withdrawal from vietnam, inflation, the oil crisis, and increasing ‘slum’ areas the american dream began to fall apart, many people awoke to the idea that the United States was not as great as it supposedly was. 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(GoMA, 2011) Djurberg is a Swedish artist who lives and works in Berlin, explores themes of fantasy, dreams and sexuality through stop motion animation. Xian is a Chinese artist living in Australia who combines traditional Chinese materials and techniques with a contemporary

Reasons People Speed free essay sample

Reasons People Speed Drivers are supposed to abide by the speed limit while driving, but they often exceed it for several reasons. The reasons seem to serious sometimes, but most cases, they seem to funny and ridiculous. Some people go over speed because they are late for work or private appointment. Furthermore, other people do over speed because of their physiological emergency. Every speeding has completely diverse reasons under specific driving circumstances. First, people do over speed intentionally. Most drivers try to believe their car has the best performance, so they want to test it. In early morning of the weekends, we can find these kinds of cars which race in highway with high engine sound. Also, drivers exceed the speed limit to maintain a traffic stream in highway. If divers are in line of stream in highway, they should maintain a proper distance and follow in front of their car. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons People Speed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maybe, this is safe driving in highway even though it is speeding. Moreover, people try to refresh through speeding. Many people feel free when they drive fast in empty, straight highway. Nowadays, getting more and more people visit speedway and enjoy driving as much as possible because of this reason. Second, people do it unintentionally. Sometimes, they don’t know they are speeding. If people go to an unfamiliar place, they don’t know the speed limit of the streets or highways. Some local roads have different speed limit every each blocks, so if someone who visit here first, they do mistake unexceptionally. In addition, drivers are confused by different measure of speedometer of vehicles they drive. For instance, the speedometer of the U. S cars show â€Å"miles† not â€Å"kilometers†, so drivers should be careful when they drive an U. S car in Canada. Because they easy to over speed if they don’t understand the difference of measurement. And rarely happen, drivers lose control because of malfunction of vehicles. This case might be cause to fatal traffic accidents, so lots of motor companies are monitoring and doing voluntarily recall services for the models which are reported unidentified problems. Finally, some people cannot help speeding legitimately. Police officers usually go over speed in emergency situation. Similarly, 911 agents go over speed most of the times with loud noise. The speeding of these people, government officers, is protected by law. If they pass through the road with high speed, other vehicles should pull over to make them easy to speed up. Besides, ambulance drivers go over speed when they carry or need to pick up urgent patients. There are so many reasons to go over speed whether people do it intentionally or unintentionally, legitimately or illegitimately. But most drivers should follow the speed limit, even though government officers, whatever the reasons are because speeding is still occupying the most dominant portion of traffic accidents in Canada.

Public Breast Feeding Essays - Breastfeeding, Health, Midwifery

Public Breast Feeding As I was reading through my classmate's discussions board post, one of them had caught my attention the most because it has become something so controversial. Women breastfeeding has become something wrong to do in public places apparently because for people it something disgusting to do. I find men only saying that they find women breastfeeding disgusting and it is because they do not find that attractive and it is especially young males that think like that because they are not mature enough to see the importance of breastfeeding your child. There was a YouTube video I had watch before of a group of students did a study with two women sitting in a public bench in the mall. One of the women was breastfeeding her kid and the other was a woman wearing a small shirt that showed a lot of cleavage. They were sitting right next to each other and a few men approach to the women breast feeding her kid and started to yell at her calling her disgusting for doing that in public. The women that was showing her cleavage saw that she was getting yelled at by the people she came into her defense and told them if it was ok for to show her cleavage, but it is not ok for a mom to feed her kid. The people stood quite and wouldn't saying about the situation that was happening, but rather say that what the mother was doing is something wrong and she should be doing that in private and that her showing cleavage is ok because it is nothing wrong with that. It sounded like they didn't have any reason on why it was wrong for her to do that. There will be people that you will encounter that will say that breastfeeding is something disgusting but some of them will say that what she's doing is right.

Charlies Treatment Essays - The Moth, Charlie Pace, Charlie Rose

Charlie's Treatment Charlie, the main character in Charlie, by Daniel Keyes is treated differently by everyone he knows. Imagine you had mental retardation. You only know the basics of anything. You can't spell and have an extremely limited vocabulary. Suddenly you have an experimental operation. This makes you extremely smart. Now you can understand emotions. With this new understanding you know how everyone has been treating you. Compared to everyone else Charlie is treated nicely by his father. His father protects him from most everyone. Even his mother. Not only does his father accept him but excepts the fact that Charlie is retarded. "How do you know? What do you know about this man? If there was anything that could be done, the doctors would have told us a long time ago." (94, Keyes). This is what Matt, the father, was saying to Rose, the mother. They were at a doctors office with the young Charlie. Rose felt that Dr. Guarino could make Charlie smart. Matt is skeptical that this could work. He is right, it doesn't. Charlie's mother treats him much differently than Matt. How Rose treats Charlie can classified into two phases. Before Norma, his sister, was born Rose was kind and loving towards Charlie. However, once Norma was born Rose was harsh and concerned that Charlie would hurt, or even kill Norma. In the book there is an incident in which Rose was planning to kill Charlie if he wasn't sent away. Again, before Norma was born Rose would have done anything to make Charlie smart. "He's going to be normal, whatever we have to do, whatever it costs." (94, Keyes). This is what Rose said to Matt just before they went to see Dr. Guarino. Rose will also believe anything that is said about Charlie becoming smart. On the whole, before Norma was born Rose loved and cherished Charlie, and after, she neglected and hated him. Another person who mirrors Rose's actions is Professor Nemur. Prof. Nemur was one of the scientists who performed the experiment on Charlie. Before Charlie had the operation Prof. Nemur was treating him like an object. Although, Charlie didn't know it one could feel it from the reading. After the operation Charlie notices this and makes Prof. Nemur aware. "He treated me - even then - as a human being. It may sound like ingratitude, but this is one of the things I resent here - the attitude that I am a guinea pig. Nemur's constant references to having made me what I am, or that someday there will be others like me who will become real human beings." (101, Keyes). The "he" Charlie mentions is Dr. Guarino. This quote shows just how differently everyone treated him. Prof. Strauss, like Matt, treats Charlie with more respect that Nemur. Prof. Strauss is another scientist working on the experiment with Charlie. He gives advice and understands some problems Charlie has. When Charlie is at a medical convention with the professors there is a small party. At this party Prof. Nemur is explaining Charlie's experiment. Charlie interrupts Nemur with talk of an article which attacked the way they reversed his retardation. Nemur shrugs it off and continues. At that point Charlie starts to talk to Strauss. "What did I day that upset him in that way?" (104, Keyes). Charlie asked Strauss "You're making him feel inferior and he can't take it." (104, Keyes). Strauss responds. "I'm serious for god's sake. Tell me the truth." (104, Keyes). "Charlie, you've got to stop thinking that everyone is laughing at you. Nemur couldn't discuss those articles because he hasn't read them." (104, Keyes). This short conversation shows two things. It shows that Strauss is concerned about Charlie and feels it would be better to help him. Also, it shows that Nemur doesn't want his experiment. In other words he wants to be in the limelight. These conflicting feelings confuses Charlie. Since his intellectual side much exceeds his emotional side he doesn't know how to handle these new emotions. In the movie Charlie asks Alice why people don't make fun of a cripple, or someone who's deaf but do make fun of a moron. Anyone who does make fun of a retarded person is unfair to all

Las vegas Essay Example

Las vegas Essay Example Las vegas Essay Las vegas Essay there was really a crisp turnaround in December 1989 due to the gap of the Mirage in Las Vegas ( 21 ) . Statewide casino grosss for Nevada dramatically increased besides as a consequence of the new megaresorts opening. In 1989, harmonizing to the 1990 Annual Study of Financial Results and Reporting Tendencies: U.S. Gaming Industry, statewide casino grosss were $ 4.5 billion, a 10.2 per centum year-to-year addition over the $ 4.1 billion in grosss for 1988 ( 21 ) . In Nevada, the Las Vegas Strip represented 47 % of the province s entire casino/hotel grosss ( 21 ) . Casino grosss of the Strip s 27 operations besides passed the $ 2 billion grade, a figure in surplus of what the full province produced in 1979 ( 21 ) . This figure was a 6.4 % addition over the old twelvemonth ( 21 ) . In add-on, by the terminal of 1990, Las Vegas had the largest figure of hotel suites of any metropolis in US. Over one million square pess of convention infinite was besides added, cementing Las Vegas as a major convention finish. In the survey, Laventhol A ; Horwath predicted that though the sudden inflow of new suites and casino infinite would at first adversely affect the net incomes of some casinos, over the long term, with the exhilaration generated by these alterations, Las Vegas will emerge as an even more powerful magnet for touristry. They were right. By 1999, bet oning in Nevada represented 40 % of the entire US non-Indian casino bet oning market ( McGowan 30 ) . As a consequence of the new strain of ace casinos, Las Vegas has become the metropolis where there is merely excessively much to see and make in a few yearss. The mean length of stay in Las Vegas had a 12 % addition between 1998 and 1999, and there was an addition of 18 % in Las Vegas visitant disbursement between 1998 and 1999 ( 37 ) . The Las Vegas Visitor Profile Study showed that there was a 19 % addition in chancing budget, 14 % addition in lodging, 21 % addition in nutrient and drink, a 10 % addition in shopping, and a 21 % addition in show grosss ( McGowan36 ) . In 1999, Las Vegas gambling had a 18 per centum addition of in gambling gross, yet, had an even larger 31 per centum addition in non-gaming gross. ( 37 ) . The immense addition in non-gaming gross can be attributed to several chief factors, harmonizing to McGowan ( 37 ) . First, Las Vegas became a all right dining attraction- Las Vegas is now celebrated both for its inexpensive counters and five star, celebrity-chef headed eating houses. In add-on, Las Vegas shows have become more and more elaborate and expensive over the old ages, hosting top stars such as Barbara Streisand, Elton John, and Celine Dion ; there are besides forte shows such as the Cirque du Soleil shows, and of class, packaging events. There besides has been a enormous success in Las Vegas Strip retail shops. In 1999, 53 % of visitants shopped while in Las Vegas ( 37 ) . Social Costss of the Gaming Industry Despite the good and attractive economic growing, revenue enhancement gross, and employment effects of casinos, there are still many on-going concerns and arguments over the casinos doing chancing dependences, which result in damaging societal costs ( Walker 2 ) . The casino industry has maintained through the old ages that its merchandise is merely a signifier of amusement, much like watching athleticss or films, which besides have monetary values attached to them. However, research workers argue that chancing is basically different from other signifiers of amusement because of the societal costs of chancing dependences. A societal cost is defined as a â€Å"reduction in societal existent wealth†- the wealth spoken of here does non mention to hard currency money, but instead, whatever is valued by persons ( 88 ) . Addicted, pathological gamblers inflict high societal costs, which could really countervail the economic benefits of casinos. Many research workers have written about the societal costs of chancing dependence, which include: loss of income from missed work, decreased productiveness on the occupation, depression and physical unwellness related to emphasize, increased self-destruction efforts, bailout costs, unrecovered loans to pathological gamblers, unpaid debts and bankruptcies, higher insurance premiums ensuing from pathological gambler-caused fraud, corruptness of public functionaries, strive on public services, industry cannibalization ( that is, other industries suffer losingss due to casinos gap in a town or metropolis ) , and divorces caused by chancing ( Walker 87 ) . Thompson did a survey in 1997 about the one-year societal cost ( in dollars ) per compulsive gambler. He found that for one compulsive gambler, the societal cost is about $ 9,469. This includes therapy ( $ 361 ) , unemployment compensation ( $ 214 ) , bad debts ( $ 1487 ) , bankruptcy tribunal costs ( $ 334 ) , public assistance costs ( $ 334 nutrient casts and assistance to dependent kids ) , and condemnable justness costs ( $ 3,498 larcenies, apprehensions, captivity ) ( Walker 98 ) . These societal costs are unloaded unto others, and non paid by the addicted gambler, which is besides why Thompson did non include any figures refering money stolen by a compulsive gambler, which he considers to be a wealth transportation, non a societal cost. Walker and Barnett besides studied the emotional costs that pathological gamblers impose on to their friends and households ; these emotional loads can besides be considered to be societal costs ( Walker 101 ) . Bailout costs are non, harmonizing to Walker, considered to be societal costs, but this is merely another negative consequence of gamblers dependences. Identifying a Gambling Addiction A individual with a chancing dependence is non merely person who likes to travel and chance a batch ; there are several trials that can name a pathological gambler. The DSM-IV is a diagnostic instrument used in psychological science and psychopathology that classifies chancing dependences by inquiring a figure of inquiries. A individual is diagnosed as a pathological gambler if he or she can be described by five or more of the undermentioned conditions ( DSM-IV 1994, p. 618 ) : The person†¦ The person†¦ is preoccupied with gaming ( e.g. preoccupied with live overing past gaming experiences, disabling or be aftering the following venture, or thought of ways to acquire money with which to chance ) demands to chance with increasing sums of money in order to accomplish the coveted exhilaration. has repeated unsuccessful attempts to command, cut back, or halt gaming. is ungratified or cranky when trying to cut down or halt gaming gambles as a manner of get awaying from jobs or of alleviating a distressed temper ( e.g. , feelings of weakness, guilt, anxiousness, depression ) . after losing money gaming, frequently returns another twenty-four hours to acquire even ( trailing one s losingss ) prevarications to household members, healer, or others to hide the extent of engagement with chancing has committed illegal Acts of the Apostless such as Has jeopardized or lost a important relationship, occupation, or educational or calling chance because of chancing relies on others to supply money to alleviate a despairing fiscal state of affairs caused by chancing ( Walker 168-169 ) . ( Walker 168-169 ) . It is of import to inquire gamblers how the individual financed his/her gaming, and the maximal sum lost in one twenty-four hours, because clinicians rely on these estimations to mensurate the decrease in chancing activity station intervention ( Walker 120 ) . It is hard nevertheless, to deduce and cipher gaming losingss, because gamblers frequently do nt cognize how much money they have spent and who they have borrowed from ( because they ve borrowed from so many people ) ( 121 ) . Thompson and Schwer besides estimated the societal costs of chancing specifically in Las Vegas entirely. They estimated that 3.5 % of the population is a pathological gambler ( which translates to about 38,571 grownups ) , with an estimated cost per gambler of $ 10,053 per twelvemonth, and a entire estimated cost per twelvemonth of $ 387.8 million ( Walker 130 ) . Why the Argument over Social Costs Is Relevant Understanding the societal costs of chancing is indispensable to researching the success of casinos, because casinos frequently sharply market to consumers who have high chancing dependence rates within their communities. For case, casino operators sharply pursue Asians both domestically and abroad. These targeted demographics include the freshly affluent Chinese ( who have late become Las Vegas best clients ) , Asian-Americans, and recent immigrants from the Pacific Rim ( Rivlin ) . One major attempt to provide to Asiatic clients includes redesigning immense parts of casino floors in order to appeal to the gustatory sensations of Asiatic invitees. Harrah s Entertainment, which owns casinos in Atlantic City and Las Vegas, has been a taste-maker in this field. In early 2006, Harrah s opened a gambling and dining country, inspired by Ming- and Song-dynasty architecture, at the Showboat in Atlantic City ( Rivlin ) . The company imported carven forests from China in order to make a twelve chemin de fer tabular arraies ( which is the preferable game for many Asiatic participants ) , and several tabular arraies for pai gow fire hook. Other casinos have followed suit, such as the Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City and Mohegan Sun in Connecticut, which have besides built all-Asian chancing cavities. Due to these attempts, table game gross at the Showboat increased 35 % in 2006, which was an addition from $ 46 million to $ 63 million. The casino besides doubled its concern among its Asiatic participants. In Las Vegas, these successful alterations are besides being implemented- Asian-themed chemin de fer salons are distributing across Las Vegas, and this is entirely due to its popularity among the Chinese, harmonizing to William Weidner, the president of Las Vegas Sands ( which is the parent company of the Venetian ) . The ground for these high-cost alterations are because of high rollers, sometimes called giants, who are the improbably affluent V.I.P. s who will put on the line 1000000s of dollars over a individual weekend, or 10s of 1000s of dollars on one manus. 80 per centum of Las Vegas biggest giants are from Asia, most of them baccarat participants from China and Hong Kong ( Rivlin ) . Harmonizing to Weidner, the Asiatic client normally spends much more of their disposable income on gaming, and even is known to take their repasts in the chemin de fer salon. Mr. Weidner recognizes the importance of his Asiatic invitees and their money to his concern. He even travels to Hong Kong with an translator in order to plan his casinos with the advice of a feng shui maestro. The job with selling to Asiatic clients is nt with these giants from abroad, but with the aggressive selling tactics used to court less-affluent Asian-Americans. Las Vegas casinos create advertizements written in Asiatic idioms, and topographic point those advertizements in Asian community newspapers in metropoliss near Las Vegas ( Rivlin ) . They besides send out Mailers written in a receiver s native linguistic communication, and despatch particular coachs to any Chinatown within a twenty-four hours s thrust. Harmonizing to Dr. Fong, the co-director of the Gambling Studies Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, the impact of these attempts is major and widespread. Gambling is an tremendous portion of Asiatic civilization, harmonizing to Kent Woo, the executive manager of the NICOS Chinese Health Coalition in San Francisco, and Woo feels that casinos are working those civilizations and making dependences within the communities. Asiatic militants are really concerned, disquieted, and even highly angry over the selling attempts by casino companies, because surveies have suggested that Asians have higher rates of job chancing than any other groups. A long-run survey by Dr. Fong suggests that â€Å"Asians are three times every bit likely as other groups to develop a serious chancing problem.† It must be noted though, that this decision is based merely on a little sample of Asian-American gamblers populating in Los Angeles. Even still, the California authorities has seen fit to take stairss to assist the Asian-American community with their gaming dependences. The authorities created an Asiatic Pacific Islander Problem Gambling Task Force in 2004 ; the focal point of this group is to supply intervention and bar plans for Asian-Americans who can non talk English. It is of import to acknowledge that chancing brings about non merely societal benefits, but harmful societal costs every bit good. Casinos do impact the communities around them tremendously, and they rather perchance are even taking advantage of the failings of a certain community to chance, in order to drive up grosss and net incomes. Dr. Fong says, â€Å"If there s this concealed job of dependence that s non being addressed, and that s what we think is go oning, it will easy eat off at the cloth of the community† ( Rivlin ) .A Change in Focus- â€Å"What Happens Here Stays Here† Although Las Vegas gained its popularity as a touristry hot spot by going a family-friendly finish, in recent old ages the unofficial slogan of Las Vegas has been that â€Å"sin is in again† ( McMullen ) . In the early 2000 s, due to grok selling, Las Vegas enjoyed a Renaissance of kinds, in which there was a newfound moving ridge of popularity for casinos and chancing ( Bogomolny ) . In January 2003, the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority launched a $ 58 million, 20-month run centered around the new tagline for the metropolis of Las Vegas: â€Å"What Happens Here, Stays Here† ( Thomaselli ) . This old catch phrase has invaded popular civilization, and Las Vegas one time once more had a new, successful image that redefined the metropolis. Billy Vassiliadis, CEO of R A ; R Partners, which created the run, says that the tagline has become so popular because he researched what it is that makes people want to see Las Vegas ; he found that Las Vegas had a â€Å"li berating capacity† for people- people go to Las Vegas to make and eat and see things they would nt woolgather of making back at place. The run consisted of sexy, high-strung â€Å"Vegas stories† commercials, which, harmonizing to USA Today s Ad Tracker, was the 7th most sympathetic run, and tied with Citibank for the most effectual run of the twelvemonth. Pleased with the success of the ads, the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority rolled over R A ; R s contract for an extra five old ages, less than six months into the launch of the run ( Thomaselli ) . Not everyone loves and supports this run though- many company executives disapprove of the hedonism-encouraging run. Steven Hacker, president of the International Association for Exhibition Management, Dallas, said that this run is â€Å"not the most effectual message to direct into the concern sector, as executives are the 1s who decide where conventions are held ( Thomaselli ) . The image of a company may be blemished if the company holds their conferences and conventions in Sin City, where anything goes, and â€Å"What Happens Here, Stays Here.† However, harmonizing toTerry Jicinsky, senior VP-marketing for the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, â€Å"convention attending increased by 12.9 % in 2003 compared with 2002, and conventioneers non-gaming economic impact was up 11.8 % last twelvemonth compared to the old year.† Even with disapproval of the wickedness run from corporations, the usage of wickedness to pull visitants has made a strong rejoinder in Las Vegas- after all Las Vegas moniker is Sin City. An increasing figure of Las Vegas hotels and resorts are offering more adult-oriented adjustments and amusement ( McMullen ) . Las Vegas is traveling off from aiming households, and traveling towards marketing peculiarly to â€Å"twenty-and mid-thirtiess, who have no ties and want to truly botch themselves, † harmonizing to Erika Yowell, senior director, media dealingss for the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Bureau ( McMullen ) . The Numberss show that there has been success in marketing Las Vegas as an grownup resort area: the average age of visitants coming to Las Vegas dropped somewhat, to 49 in 2004 from 50 in 2003, with the largest addition in visitants in the 21-29 and 31-39 age sets ( McMullen ) . McMullen says that this could be attributed to the wildly popular â€Å"What Happens, Here Stays Here† touristry run, which encourages â€Å"adults to lose their inhibitions.† In add-on, hotels and casinos are marketing more to a great extent to grownups through magazines such as GQ, Playboy and InStyle. The Palms Casino Resort has enjoyed peculiar success in this Las Vegas Renaissance of flashiness, glamor, and wickedness, by utilizing advanced selling in order to aim the individual, big demographic. The four Maloof brothers, who are the billionaire co-owners of the Palms Casino Resort, are Masterss of selling ( Bogomolny ) . The Maloofs understood that competition is highly ferocious in Las Vegas, and that they needed to set up a trade name in order to pull clients and prolong their concern. The Maloofs started off by purchasing less-expensive existent estate non located on the dumbly jammed and competitory Las Vegas Strip. Then, after the resort opened ( to non extraordinary success ) , George Maloof convinced the manufacturers of MTV s The Real World to movie a season at the Palms ( Bogomolny ) . The Maloofs paid $ 1.5 million to restitute the twenty-eighth floor of their hotel, making a posh place for the seven aliens who would populate together and movie a world show together. Once the show aired in 2002, things turned drastically about, and the Palms became tremendously successful due to its appealing to youth. The history of Las Vegas success revolves around the hotel and casino industry aiming households and older visitants but the Maloofs â€Å"tapped into a badly underserved market in Vegas: youth† ( Bogomolny ) . With The Real World, the Maloofs revitalized the old image of chancing as â€Å"a fun societal interest, † and Las Vegas as the topographic point to bask one s young person. While the mean age of a Las Vegas tourer was 59 at the clip, the mean Palms hotel invitee was under 35. The success of the Palms came from their mantra to â€Å"get clients while they re immature, [ because ] you ll perpetrate them to your trade name for life† ( Bogomolny ) . The Palms continues to continue its hip image today by milking all the famous person connexions it can. The Maloofs do whatever they can to pull the â€Å"young, rich, celebrated and beautiful† to â€Å"pull in celebrity-obsessed customers† ( Bogomolny ) . In add-on, the Maloofs realized the importance of cross-promotion. The Maloofs own the NBA squad the Sacramento Kings, and so the Maloofs advertise at Arco Arena, which is where the Kings drama. After their carefully crafted success, the Maloofs have enjoyed the fruits of their labours they unveiled a $ 600 million enlargement of their comparatively little hotel ( the Palms opened with merely 425 hotel suites, compared to the mean 4,000 hotel suites of the hotels on the Las Vegas Strip ) ( Bogomolny ) . They constructed 599 condominium units adjacent to the hotel, and built an extra â€Å"347-room hotel tower themed with party suites and Playboy branded high-end sofa and retail locales, † and â€Å"46 mega su ites and sky penthouses complete with characteristics conducive to furthering the escapist outlook, such as excess sound insularity, private swimming pools, hearths and even basketball courts† ( McMullen ) . The Maloofs became the faces of the new Las Vegas, demoing the metropolis what it takes to regenerate and pull new types of clients in such a dumbly competitory industry. Many other hotel corporations have followed suit in aiming immature visitants. Beaks of America purchased Hotel San Remos on Tropicana Avenue, and spent $ 130 million to restitute and rebrand the 711-room belongings into a Hooters Casino Hotel ( McMullen ) . MGM Mirage has alter the image of Treasure Island, a 2,885-room hotel that opened in 1993, to that of an an exciting and energetic grownup atmosphere, every bit described as Tom Mikulich, president of MGM Mirage. Treasure Island, like several other casino resorts in Las Vegas, has reduced comfortss targeted towards kids, and added attractive forces appealing to more mature audiences. Mikulich says of the alterations to Treasure Island: We downsized our arcade, added a sultry cabaret, changed out the skull-and-crossbones pavilion for more modern-day signage and enhanced the plagiarist show to include the sexy Sirens of Treasure Island† ( McMullen ) . In add-on, there had been an increasing demand for more exciting night life, and the bing hotels took notice, constructing more cabarets and adult-themed shows. The MGM Grand, which opened in 1993, late opened a cabaret, Tabu. New York, New York, which has been in operation since 1997, offers a sexy Cirque du Soleil show called Zumanity. The Hard Rock Hotel and Casino, which opened in 1999, besides opened a cabaret named Body English. The new end of the 2000s was for Las Vegas hotels to convey in the immature late-night partiers to their belongingss. Effectss of the Recession on Las Vegas Tourism A ; Bet oning Numbers Even though Las Vegas has been one of the â€Å"fastest-growing cities in the U.S.† for twenty old ages, Las Vegas has non been immune to the economic downswing ( Stein ) . In fact, Las Vegas has been particularly hit hard by the recession ; in 2009, Las Vegas touristry and bet oning Numberss suffered record hits. The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority reported that in 2008, visitant volume was down 4.4 per centum to 37.5 million, tenancy rates went down 4.4 per centum points to 86 per centum, and the mean day-to-day room rate lowered 9.8 per centum to $ 119.19 ( Velotta ) . These lessenings can be attributed to stop dead recognition markets, increased unemployment, and volatile fuel monetary values, which resulted in decreased consumer assurance, and a lessening in disbursement for travel and touristry. The province Gaming Control Board reported its Numberss for the financial twelvemonth 2008 ( the last six months of 2007-2008 and the first six months of 2008-2009 ) , and bet oning win had its â€Å"steepest per centum diminution in history† ( Velotta ) . Clark County s bet oning win was $ 771.8 million, down 18.4 per centum from the same month a twelvemonth earlier. The Strip s win was down 23.2 per centum to $ 474.2 million. In the Southern Nevada submarkets, downtown Las Vegas win decreased 17.5 per centum to $ 41.3 million, the Boulder strip was away 9.2 per centum to $ 76.3 million, Laughlin fell 18 per centum to $ 37.4 million and Mesquite was down 25.1 per centum to $ 10 million. The touristry Numberss for December 2008 were in line with the province s gambling figures. Visitor volume decreased aggressively by 10.9 per centum to 3 million- this was 2008 s worst monthly per centum diminution ( Velotta ) . In add-on, Las Vegas tenancy fell 9.9 per centum points to 73.3 per centum, which is besides the worst monthly per centum diminution of the twelvemonth. December s mean day-to-day room rate was off 14.2 per centum to $ 96.39 ; this was the first clip in 2008 that the rate went below the $ 100 grade. This is particularly flooring when sing the fact that the mean day-to-day room rate and tenancy degrees in 2008 were at record highs a twelvemonth earlier. Las Vegas, which is the figure one convention metropolis in the U.S. , has besides seen a crisp lessening in convention travel ( Stein ) . Convention attending for December fell 4.7 per centum to 123,588, besides the worst month of the twelvemonth ( although to be just, December is traditionally the worst executing month for conventions ) ( Velotta ) . For the full twelvemonth though, convention traffic fell 5 per centum to 5.9 million. The figure of meetings held was down 16.7 per centum in December to 1,071. For the twelvemonth, it was away 5.8 per centum to 22,454. The lessening in convention traffic can be attributed to the â€Å"AIG effect† ( Stein ) . Sheldon Adelson, a bulk proprietor of Las Vegas Sands, and a casino fable, believes that portion of the ground why convention travel has taken a hit is due to Obama â€Å"vilifying† Las Vegas ( â€Å"Vegas Mogul† ) . In February 2009, Obama made the undermentioned remark: You ca nt take a trip to Las Vegas or down to the Super Bowl on the taxpayers dime.† The combination of dirt over bailed-out banking companies such as AIG still taking munificent trips, and the fact that Las Vegas has become synonymous with a â€Å"good time† for grownups has led to what Adelson feels is an unjust onslaught on Vegas. He says, If you are traveling to revile Las Vegas because it s a great topographic point to travel, allow s revile all 30 provinces that legalized gambling What s the deduction here? That the authorities on taxpayer money will merely let people to travel to top ographic points where they will non bask themselves, where they are traveling to detest it ( â€Å"Vegas Mogul† ) . The recoil against corporate disbursals, and freshly image-conscious corporations declining to pass money to go to a topographic point nicknamed Sin City, has â€Å"worsened the travel slack, † and has led to the decrease of occupations as a consequence. Nevada s car traffic Numberss can besides state us how touristry has decreased in the province. December s mean day-to-day car traffic fell 2.5 per centum to 80,736 vehicles a twenty-four hours on all major main roads and 1.3 per centum to 38,586 vehicles on Interstate 15 at the Nevada-California boundary line ( Velotta ) .. For the twelvemonth, traffic was down 5.3 per centum on I-15 and other major main roads Las Vegas besides has the â€Å"highest foreclosure rate of any major tube area† ( Stein ) . Besides, the unemployment rate jumped from 3.8 % to 12.3 % in merely three old ages clip. Those who have been able to maintain their occupations are still enduring, because their pay depends on generous tips from the patronage. The lone cardinal index of touristry that increased in 2008 was room inventory- room stock list is up 5.7 per centum to 140,529 suites ( Velotta ) . However, this is non necessary a good thing for tourism- with more suites, local functionaries will hold to convey in even more tourers and visitants to Las Vegas in order to beef up the tenancy and ADR rates. The addition in room stock list was due to the gaps of the Palazzo, Wynn Encore, Aliante Station, Eastside Cannery, and the gap of a new tower in South Point on Las Vegas Boulevard South. In add-on, there are frozen building undertakings everyplace because casino proprietors borrowed manner excessively much money to construct hotels that were manner excessively large ( Stein ) . Nevada is about belly-up because it relies largely on taxing casino proprietors, with no aggregation of income revenue enhancements ( Stein ) . Due to the lessening in grosss in Las Vegas, the province of Nevada has been devastated. The lone infirmary malignant neoplastic disease flying for uninsured patients had to be closed down due to budget cuts, the Las Vegas Art Museum was lost, and there are empty, closed-down shopfronts everyplace, including the Neonopolis, a $ 100 million, 250,000 sq.ft. promenade. The province is so despairing that Steven Horsford, the bulk leader of the Nevada senate and â€Å"de facto caput of Nevada s government† tried to ordain a corporate income revenue enhancement, but was shot down ( Stein ) . Hope for 2010 The CityCenter Looking to the hereafter though, Nevada seems to be really hopeful that 2010 will demo better Numberss. Most of this optimism hinges on the gap of MGM Mirage s CityCenter on the Las Vegas Strip in December 2009. The $ 8 billion CityCenter is described as an â€Å"extraordinary urban resort finish brought to life by eight world-renowned architects† ( â€Å"Vegas City Center† ) . It is a aggregation of hotel resorts, watering place, nightclubs, sofas, and bars, retail shops, abodes, eating houses headed by world-class chefs, dramatic architecture, theatres and shows, convention centres, dynamic public infinites, and art galleries. Conceived in 2004, the intent of the CityCenter was to â€Å"refine and redefine† Las Vegas as a new â€Å"cultural epicentre in the universe, a topographic point that travellers would seek out, much like the Guggenheim in Bilbao or the SONY Center in Berlin† ( â€Å"Vegas City Center† ) . The hope was that the CityCenter would go a topographic point for the community to garner. In add-on, the CityCenter is environmentally responsible- it is one of the largest ( at 18 million square pess ) sustainable developments in the universe. The CityCenter presently has six Gold LEED ® enfranchisements, which is the highest LEED accomplishment by any hotel, retail territory, or residential development in Las Vegas ( â€Å"Vegas CityCenter Earns† ) . Presently, the Vdara Hotel, Crystals retail and amusement territory, Mandarin Oriental, and ARIA Resort A ; Casino ( which has 4,004 technologically advanced guestrooms with floor-to-ceiling Windowss offering positions of the Las Vegas skyline ) have already opened ; The Harmon and residential tenancies are set to open in 2010. CB Richard Ellis Global Gaming Group released its 2010 Las Vegas Strip Forecast A ; Investment Guide, which forecasts per centum additions in overall Las Vegas Strip gross in 2010 ( â€Å"Vegas Strip Revenue† ) . The 85-page study said that overall Las Vegas Strip gross is expected to lift by 3 % to 7 % in 2010 ; this prognosis took into history assorted economic and operational factors, and most peculiarly the CityCenter gap and the impact this undertaking will hold on the Strip. 2008 and 2009 will be remembered as â€Å"two of the most disruptive old ages in the history of the Strip, † harmonizing to the Director of Gaming Research and Analysis for CBRE s Global Gaming Group and co-author of the study, Jacob Oberman ( â€Å"Vegas Strip Revenue† ) . Although Las Vegas Strip casinos are likely to go on sing gross and net incomes diminutions in 2010, future deductions for Las Vegas are positive. CBRE says that â€Å"investor sentiment will probably better as he adline market gross informations measured on a year-over-year footing turns positive. Additionally, market gross growing sets the phase for net positive occupation growing for Strip casinos in 2010, which bodes good for the local Las Vegas economy† ( â€Å"Vegas Strip Revenue† ) . In add-on, harmonizing to the Las Vegas Strip Forecast A ; Investment Guide, â€Å"10 % to 30 % of CityCenter s gross will be incremental gross for the market, while the balance is expected to come at the disbursal of bing Strip casinos. Strip casinos in being prior to October 2009 will see a gross diminution of 3 % to 6.9 % in 2010† ( â€Å"Vegas Strip Revenue† ) . A View against the Optimistic CityCenter Prognosiss Despite these positive prognosiss that the CityCenter will assist Las Vegas recoil in 2010, Jeff Weinstein ( the editor in head of HOTELS Magazine ) believes that the CityCenter will hold to cover with â€Å"serious turning pains† foremost ( Weinstein ) . Many of the condominiums in the CityCenter are still unsold, and the positive prognosiss seem a small unrealistic. Weinstein believes that the CityCenter would really â€Å"cannibalize business† from the other MGM Mirage undertakings on the Las Vegas Strip, and farther injury rates on the Las Vegas Boulevard. Until the economic system is in much better form, the CityCenter will fight. Weinstein believes that the 3-7 % addition in gross for 2010 as predicted by CBRE Global Gaming Group will non happen, and that the added 6,000 suites to hotel stock list due to the CityCenter will merely take to greater competition and more discounting, intending lower room rates in the terminal. As mentioned earlier, when there is more room stock list, it is harder to make full suites. Though the CityCenter has brought great economic benefit to Las Vegas already through the creative activity of 12,000 new occupations, the CityCenter will take clip to make the success that everyone hoped for. The CityCenter opened in the worst possible timing, and it is dubious that the universe will be leaping to see the CityCenter and pass their disposable income at that place. Weinstein hopes fierily though, that possibly in a few old ages clip, when the economic system is better, the CityCenter will be all it was expected to be, to assist Las Vegas make its highest potency. Las Vegas Unwavering Optimism The things that made Las Vegas a first gambling and touristry finish are the same things that are taking to its possible ruin today. Hsu suggests in her book, Legalized Casino Gaming in the United States: the Economic and Social Impact, that there are two local grounds why Las Vegas became so successful in such a short period of clip. The first is that Las Vegas â€Å"offers a synergy that can come merely from holding a concentration of chancing casinos in a individual location† ( Hsu 15 ) . The big casinos do non really vie with other large casinos ; instead, Hsu says, they work together to publicize and Las Vegas as a whole. The consequence is that Las Vegas has become the tourer experience, instead than bet oning at a peculiar casino† ( 103 ) . Large casinos besides are offering more and more services and better pricing of games and amusement merchandises because there is so much impregnation in the casino and hotel market in Las Vegas. The 2nd ground why Las Vegas has grown exponentially in merely a few decennaries is because Las Vegas â€Å"thinks large, † offering â€Å"overcapacity and an surfeit of both chancing and nongambling products† ( Hsu 101 ) . Las Vegas is a topographic point where everything the tourer wants to see and see is available in copiousness ; Las Vegas holds an image of degeneracy, wickedness, hedonism, and extravagancy. As a consequence of this luxury and ‘think large attitude, Stein notes that merely as Las Vegas was the â€Å"epicenter of the excessive ingestion of the past 20 old ages, now it s the deepest crater of the recession over the last year† ( Stein ) . However, in malice of Las Vegas being one of the biggest casualties of the recession, Las Vegas has ever been seen as â€Å"recession cogent evidence, † and so, as Joel Stein points out in Time Magazine, Las Vegas business communities are non taking the recession earnestly plenty. For case, Sheldon Adelson, the casino fable, believes that Las Vegas will bounce and that gustatory sensations have non for good changed due to the recession, because there is no manner America will halt making the â€Å"things they want to do† ( Stein ) . Adelson â€Å"does non believe that America is traveling to basically alter its values from extravagancy to thrift, † and therefore, will non alter his â€Å"strategy of utilizing high-end dining, elephantine suites and lavish convention infinites to pull customers† ( Stein ) . Adelson, who as mentioned before is the president of the Las Vegas Sands Corp. ( which owns the Venetian hotel, the Sands Expo and Convention Center and the Ventian Macao ) , has had his bank history about wholly wiped out last twelvemonth, losing most of his enormous wealth ( Stein ) . In 2007, and 2008, Adelson was the 3rd richest individual in the universe, with a net worth of $ 40 billion. However, by 2009 he lost $ 36.5 billion- â€Å"more than the GDP of half of the states in the world† ( Stein ) . Before the economic downswing, Bankss were â€Å"begging† Adelson to take their money ; Adelson obliged, took all he the money he could, and built a mini-Vegas in Macao, dubbed the Cotai Strip, every bit good as big casinos in Singapore. His debt-to-earnings ratio was a immense 6.8 to 1. Then, when the recession occurred, the bank loans stopped coming his manner and his stock monetary value decreased dramatically from $ 144 to $ 1.42 in March 2009, though it has increas ed back to around $ 12 ( Stein ) . His building undertakings were halted every bit good. In malice of these tremendous losingss, Stein observes that Adelson does nt look excessively crushed by his losingss. Adelson even said to Stein, A billion dollars does nt purchase what it used to. So it s non every bit tragic as one would assume.† When Adelson s married woman asked him to cut back on his disbursals, Adelson dismissed her, stating that he still had more money than they could of all time pass ( Stein ) . The optimistic and hopeful attitude that Vegas holds is alone to the people of Las Vegas. Neal Smatresk, executive frailty president and provost at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas, says that the people of Vegas are non every bit down as those in â€Å"far less devastated cities† because Las Vegas very nature is a town â€Å"built on hopes and dreams† ( Stein ) . After all, chancing in itself is a game of hazards that people take because of their hopes and dreams that they will win the pot. However, though Las Vegas is the ultimate finish for escape, Las Vegas can non get away the sobering jobs and low Numberss that have come about due to the recession.Overview and Conclusion After the legalisation of gaming, the popularity of casino gambling exploded. Las Vegas became the premiere casino gambling and tourer finish in the United States, at an incredibly fast rate. Las Vegas became the ultimate topographic point to get away to and happen astonishing amusement, whether it was with one s households or grownups merely looking to bask all the decadent and hedonic things life had to offer. Las Vegas became what it was due to introducing selling and strong placement schemes. Unfortunately, the strong image of luxury that made Las Vegas a success is besides taking to its failures today. Las Vegas is one of the most oversaturated markets in the universe, with a astonishing figure of hotel suites, casinos, eating houses, shops, and other attractive forces in a densely-packed infinite. Harmonizing to the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Bureau, the entire hotel room stock list in 2004 was 131,503. By 2009, there were 15,000 more suites that were built, conveying the entire figure of hotel suites in Las Vegas in 2009 to 146,781 ( McMullen ) . Though casino gambling is an industry seen as being recession-proof, Las Vegas makes much of their money from non-gaming grosss, and Macau is get downing to outpace the Las Vegas Strip in bet oning grosss ( McGowan ) . Macau is pulling many of the Asian â€Å"whales† that have late sustained Vegas, endangering Las Vegas position as the casino bet oning epicentre of the universe. While Las Vegas image and attitude is that of hope, optimism, and dreams, the current economic state of affairs is both sobering and highly black. Room rates, tenancy rates, gambling and nongaming grosss, and travel Numberss are down all across the board. The really image of wickedness that brought a new, immature demographic into Las Vegas in recent old ages has besides led to a crisp diminution in convention travel, a immense beginning of gross and concern for Las Vegas. Lone clip will state if all those frozen building undertakings will be completed, tenancy and ADR rates can increase, and whether the metropolis of Las Vegas and the province of Nevada can retrieve from the lay waste toing blow of the recession.

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself by Harriet Essay

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself by Harriet Jacobs - Essay Example To help us understand this, we will tackle three topics; how slavery is more damaging to women than men, life in the North after the escape of Jacobs and how slavery undermined families in the south. Q1 Harriet Jacobs wrote a tale about life as slave and the challenges that she had to experience. The story exposes the bodily and emotional abuses a female has to endure when she is a slave. The story shows how women underwent terrible and traumatizing brutality of slavery than their male counterparts. Jacobs like many other slave women were sexually harassed by their white masters. According to the story, Jacobs was sexually teased and manipulated by Mr. Flint her master. Dr. Flint would usually remind her that she was her property and that he could as well do whatever he wanted with her. This made Jacob’s life to be uncomfortable and fearful. Dr. Flint would meet Jacobs at every turn, and remind her that she belonged to him, and swear by heaven and earth that one day, she will make her agree to her advancements. The situation was so traumatizing that Jacobs could hear Dr. Flint’s footsteps when she was relaxing after a long day of work. Whenever Jacobs would visit her mother’s grave, she would see a dark shadow of Dr. Flint following her. Life was so horrible for slave women that sexual exploitation was a daily affair for them. Jacob and other female slaves were psychologically abused and perplexed. They were subjected to abusive traditions that were thought to be socially right. For instance, for a female slave to be deemed a lady in the south, there were harsh conditions that they had to abide. This made Jacobs be haunted by the loss of her innocence when she was a kid. White females were required to keep themselves pure, and their homes were protected by the law and they had the freedom of choosing their partners. Female slaves on similarly, had no liberty to decide their partners, and it was hard for them to preserve themselves or to kee p themselves pure. Females were made to live in despair. Female slaves had to endure the hardships of motherhood in very harsh conditions. Motherhood set a different experience of women slaves from their male counterparts. Female slaves were subjected to a hard situation whereby they are forced to prioritize their activities Jacobs had to prioritize between being a slave and being a mother concerned about the welfare of her children. After Jacobs had learnt that Dr. Flint wanted to make her and her children slaves, she took the risk of escaping to save the destiny of her children, despite knowing the consequences that would happen to her if she was caught. Jacobs risked her body and mind and lived in complete seclusion in order for her children to be free. Female slaves were in charge of their families more than the slave fathers. The role of slave fathers was not much significant as they were sold far from their families. Q3 Though the north is seen as not supporting slavery, discr imination is very rampant. Whites and light skinned blacks are treated differently from the blacks. Black women were not supposed to mix with the whites in the North. Jacobs remembers a situation when she was the only black maid in a hotel and was unfairly treated. She was shown a seat in the hotel where she sat down, only for the waiter to come and tell her to sit the baby in the chair and to stand behind it on her feet. Jacob was told to wait to be shown where she was to take her meal from, which turned out to be the